1) This Section applies to the construction and use of
joints and connections, and the arrangement, protection, support
and testing of piping.
1) Caulked lead drainage joints shall not be used except
for cast-iron pipe in a drainage system or venting system, or between such pipe and
a)other ferrous pipe,
b)brass and copper pipe,
c)a caulking ferrule, or
d)a trap standard.
2) Every caulked lead drainage joint shall be firmly
packed with oakum and tightly caulked with lead to a depth of
not less than 25 mm.
3) No paint, varnish or other coating shall be applied on
the lead until after the joint has been tested.
4) A length of hub and spigot pipe and pipe fittings in a
drainage system shall be installed with the hub at the upstream end.
1) Wiped joints shall not be used except for sheet lead
or lead pipe, or between such pipe and copper pipe or a ferrule.
2) Every wiped joint in straight pipe shall
a)be made of solder,
b)have an exposed surface on each side of the joint at least 19 mm wide, and
c)be not less than 10 mm thick at the thickest part.
3) Every wiped flanged joint shall be reinforced with a
lead flange that is not less than 19 mm wide.
1) In making a screwed joint, the ends of the pipe shall
be reamed or filed out to the size of the bore and all chips and
cuttings shall be removed.
2) No pipe-joint cement or paint shall be applied to the
internal threads.
1) Soldered joints shall be made in accordance with
ASTM B 828, “Making Capillary Joints by Soldering
of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings.”
1) In making a flared joint, the pipe shall be expanded
with a proper flaring tool.
2) Flared joints shall not be used for hard (drawn)
copper tube.
1) Mechanical joints shall be made with compounded
elastomeric rings that are held in compression by
a)stainless steel or cast-iron clamps, or
b)groove and shoulder type mechanical couplings.
(See Appendix A.)1) Cold-caulked joints shall not be used except for bell
and spigot pipe in a water system, a drainage system or a venting system.
2) Caulking compound used in cold-caulked joints shall be
applied according to the manufacturer's directions.
3) Every cold-caulked joint in a drainage system shall be firmly packed with oakum and tightly caulked with cold caulking compound to a depth of not
less than 25 mm.
1) Drilled and tapped joints shall not be made in a soil-or-waste pipe or vent pipe and fittings unless suitable provision has been made for drilling and tapping.
1) Tees may be extracted from the wall thickness of Types
K and L copper tube used in a water distribution system provided that
a)a tool specifically designed for the purpose is used,
b)the branch is at least one size smaller than the tube in which the tee is formed,
c)the end of the branch incorporates a means to prevent it from penetrating into the run and thereby obstructing flow, and
d)the joint at the tee is brazed with a filler metal having a melting point not below 540°C.
1) Cast-iron soil pipe and fittings shall not be welded.
2) Galvanized steel pipe and fittings shall not be
welded.
1) Running thread and packing nut connections and unions
with a gasket seal shall not be used downstream of a trap weir in a drainage system or in a venting system.
2) A slip joint shall not be used
a)in a venting system, or
b)in a drainage system, except to connect a fixture trap to a fixture drain in an accessible location.
1) Every connection between 2 pipes of different size shall be made with an increaser or a reducer fitting installed so that it will permit the system to
be completely drained.
1) Adaptors, connectors or mechanical joints used to join
dissimilar materials shall be designed to accommodate the
required transition.
1) Every roof drain shall be securely connected to a leader and provision shall be made for expansion.
1) Every pedestal urinal, floor-mounted water closet or
S-trap standard shall be connected to a fixture drain by a floor flange, except that a cast-iron trap standard may be caulked to a cast-iron pipe.
2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), every floor flange shall be brass.
3) Where cast-iron or plastic pipe is used, a floor
flange of the same material may be used.
4) Every floor flange shall be securely set on a firm
base and bolted to the trap flange of the fixture.
5) Every joint in a floor flange shall be sealed with a
resilient watertight and gas-tight seal.
6) Where a lead water-closet stub is used, the length of
the stub below the floor flange shall be not less than 75 mm.
1) The design and installation of every piping system
shall include means to accommodate its expansion and
contraction caused by temperature changes, movement of the
soil, building shrinkage or structural settlement. (See Appendix A.)
1) Types M and DWV copper tube shall not be bent.
2) For all copper tube installed underground outside a building or underground inside a building the joints shall be
a)flared, or
b)brazed using brazing alloy from the American Welding Society AWS-BCuP range.
1) Where a fixture or device is indirectly connected, the connections shall be made by terminating the fixture drain above the flood level rim of a directly connected fixture to form an air break.
2) The size of the air break shall at least equal the size of the fixture drain, branch or pipe that terminates above the directly connected fixture, and it shall be not less than 25 mm. (See Appendix A.)
1) Piping shall be provided with support that is capable
of keeping the pipe in alignment and bearing the weight of the
pipe and its contents.
2) Every floor- or wall-mounted water closet bowl shall
be securely attached to the floor or wall by means of a flange
and shall be stable.
3) Every wall-mounted fixture shall be supported so that no strain is transmitted to the piping.
1) Piping, fixtures, tanks or devices shall be supported independently of each other.
1) Where a hanger or support for copper tube or brass or
copper pipe is of a material other than brass or copper, it
shall be suitably separated and electrically insulated from the
pipe.
1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), vertical piping shall be supported at its base and at the
floor level of alternate storeys by rests, each of which can bear the weight of pipe
that is between it and the rest above it.
2) The maximum spacing of supports shall be 7.5 m.
1) Nominally horizontal piping that is inside a building shall be braced to prevent swaying and buckling and to control the effects of
thrust.
2) Nominally horizontal piping shall be supported as stated in Table 7.3.4.5.
| Table
7.3.4.5. Support for Nominally Horizontal Piping Forming Part of Sentence 7.3.4.5.(2) |
||
| Piping Material | Maximum Horizontal Spacing of Supports, m | Additional Support Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Galvanized iron or steel pipe • diameter ≥ 6 inches • diameter < 6 inches |
3.75 2.5 |
|
| Lead pipe | Throughout length of pipe | |
| Cast-iron pipe | 3 | At or adjacent to each hub or joint |
| Cast-iron pipe with mechanical joints that is ≤ 300 mm long between adjacent fittings | 1 | |
| Asbestos-cement pipe | 2(1) | |
| Asbestos-cement pipe that is ≤ 300 mm long between adjacent fittings | 1 | |
| ABS or PVC plastic pipe | 1.2 | At the end of branches or fixture drains and at changes in direction and elevation |
| ABS or PVC plastic trap arm or fixture drain pipe > 1 m long | n/a | As close as possible to the trap |
| CPVC pipe | 1 | |
| Copper tube or copper and brass pipe, hard temper, diameter > 1 inch | 3 | |
| Copper tube or copper and brass pipe, hard temper, diameter ≤ 1 inch | 2.5 | |
| Copper tube, soft temper | 2.5 | |
| PE/AL/PE composite pipe | 1 | |
| PEX/AL/PEX composite pipe | 1 | |
| PEX plastic pipe | 0.8 | |
| PP-R plastic pipe | 1 | At the end of branches and at changes in direction and elevation |
| Notes to Table 7.3.4.5. | |
|
|
|
| (1) | As an alternative, asbestos-cement pipe, which is typically manufactured in 4 m lengths, may have 2 supports per length of pipe. |
3) Where PVC, CPVC or ABS plastic pipe is installed
a)the pipe shall be aligned without added strain on the piping,
b)the pipe shall not be bent or pulled into position after being welded, and
c)hangers shall not compress, cut or abrade the pipe.
4) Where PEX, PP-R, PE/AL/PE or
PEX/AL/PEX plastic pipe is installed, hangers shall not
compress, cut or abrade the pipe.
5) Where hangers are used to support nominally horizontal piping, they shall be
a)metal rods of not less than
i) 6 mm diam to support piping 2 inches or less in size,
ii) 8 mm diam to support piping 4 inches or less in size, and
iii) 13 mm diam to support piping over 4 inches in size, or
b)solid or perforated metal straps of not less than
i) 0.6 mm nominal thickness and 12 mm wide to support piping 2 inches or less in size, and
ii) 0.8 mm nominal thickness and 18 mm wide to support piping 4 inches or less in size.
6) Where a hanger is attached to concrete or masonry, it
shall be fastened by metal or expansion-type plugs that are
inserted or built into the concrete or masonry.
1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), nominally horizontal piping that is underground shall be supported on a base that is firm and
continuous under the whole of the pipe. (See Appendix A.)
2) Nominally horizontal piping installed underground that is not supported as described in
Sentence (1) may be installed using hangers fixed to a foundation or
structural slab provided that the hangers are capable of
a)keeping the pipe in alignment, and
b)supporting the weight of
i)the pipe,
ii)its contents, and
iii)the fill over the pipe.
1) Where a vent pipe that may be subject to misalignment terminates above the surface of a roof,
it shall be supported or braced. (See Article 7.5.6.5. for location of vent pipe terminals.)
1) Where piping is installed underground, the backfill
shall be
a)carefully placed and tamped to a height of 300 mm over the top of the pipe, and
b)free of stones, boulders, cinders and frozen earth. (See Appendix A.)
1) Where asbestos-cement drainage pipe or vitrified clay
is located less than 600 mm below a basement floor and the floor
is constructed of other than 75 mm or more of concrete, the pipe
shall be protected by a 75-mm layer of concrete installed above
the pipe. (See Appendix A.)
1) Where piping passes through or under a wall, it shall
be installed so that the wall does not bear on the pipe.
1) Where piping may be exposed to freezing
conditions, it shall be protected from the effects
of freezing.
1) Plumbing, piping and equipment exposed to mechanical
damage shall be protected.
1) Piping used as an internal leader, which may be subject to condensation, shall be installed in a manner that limits the risk of damage to
the building due to condensation.
1) Except in the case of an external leader, after a section of a drainage system or a venting system has been roughed in, and before any fixture is installed or piping is covered, a water pressure test or an air pressure test shall be
conducted.
2) After every fixture is installed and before any part of the drainage system or venting system is placed in operation, a final test shall be carried out when
requested.
3) Where a prefabricated system is assembled off the building site in such a manner that it cannot be inspected and tested on site, off-site inspections and
tests shall be conducted.
4) Where a prefabricated system is installed as part of a
drainage system or venting system, all other plumbing work shall be tested and inspected and a final test shall be carried
out on the complete system when requested.
5) When requested, a ball test shall be made to any pipe
in a drainage system.
1) Every pipe in a drainage system, except an external leader or fixture outlet pipe, shall be capable of withstanding without leakage a water pressure test,
air pressure test and final test.
2) Every pipe in a drainage system shall be capable of meeting a ball test.
1) Every venting system shall be capable of withstanding without leakage a water pressure
test, air pressure test and final test.
1) A water pressure test shall consist of applying a
water column of at least 3 m to all joints.
2) In making a water pressure test,
a)every opening except the highest shall be tightly closed with a testing plug or a screw cap, and
b)the system or the section shall be kept filled with water for 15 min.
1) Air pressure tests shall be conducted in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions for each piping material,
and
a)air shall be forced into the system until a pressure of 35 kPa is created, and
b)this pressure shall be maintained for at least 15 min without a drop in pressure.
1) Where a final test is made
a)every trap shall be filled with water,
b)the bottom of the system being tested shall terminate at a building trap, test plug or cap,
c)except as provided in Sentence (2), smoke from smoke-generating machines shall be forced into the system,
d)when the smoke appears from all roof terminals they shall be closed, and
e)a pressure equivalent to a 25 mm water column shall be maintained for 15 min without the addition of more smoke.
2) The smoke referred to in Clauses (1)(c) and (d) may be omitted provided the roof terminals are closed and the system is
subjected to an air pressure equivalent to a 25 mm water column
maintained for 15 min without the addition of more air.
1) Where a ball test is made, a hard ball dense enough
not to float shall be rolled through the pipe.
2) The diameter of the ball shall be not less than
a)50 mm where the size of the pipe is 3 inches or more, or
b)25 mm where the size of the pipe is less than 3 inches.
1) After a section of a potable water system has been completed, and before it is placed in operation, a water pressure test shall be
conducted, except that an air pressure test may be used in
freezing conditions.
2) A pressure test may be applied to each section of the
system or to the system as a whole.
3) Where a prefabricated system is assembled off the building site in such a manner that it cannot be inspected and tested on site, off-site inspections and
pressure tests shall be conducted.
4) Where a prefabricated system is installed as part of a
water system,
a)all other plumbing work shall be tested and inspected, and
b)the complete system shall be pressure tested when requested.
1) Except as required in Sentence (2), every potable water system shall be able to withstand
a) without leaking, a water pressure that is at least equal to the maximum in-service pressure, or
b) an air pressure of not less than 700 kPa for at least 2 h without a drop in pressure.
2) If a manufacturer states that an air pressure test
is not recommended, a water pressure test shall be
performed. (See Appendix A.)
1) Where a water pressure test is made, all air shall be
expelled from the system before fixture control valves or faucets are closed.
2) Potable water shall be used to test a potable water system.