1) Roofs shall be protected with roofing, including
flashing, installed to shed rain effectively and prevent water
due to ice damming from entering the roof.
2) For the purpose of Sentence (1), roofs shall include platforms that effectively
serve as roofs with respect to the accumulation or drainage
of precipitation. (See Appendix A.)
1) Methods described in CAN3-A123.51-M, “Asphalt
Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:3 and Steeper,”
or CAN3-A123.52-M, “Asphalt Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:6 to Less
Than
1:3,” are permitted to be used for asphalt shingle
applications not described in this Section.
1) Roofing materials shall conform to
a)CAN/CGSB-37.4-M, “Fibrated, Cutback Asphalt, Lap Cement for Asphalt Roofing,”
b)CAN/CGSB-37.5-M, “Cutback Asphalt Plastic, Cement,”
c)CAN/CGSB-37.8-M, “Asphalt, Cutback, Filled, for Roof Coating,”
d)CGSB 37-GP-9Ma, “Primer, Asphalt, Unfilled, for Asphalt Roofing, Dampproofing and Waterproofing,”
e)CGSB 37-GP-21M, “Tar, Cutback, Fibrated, for Roof Coating,”
f)CAN/CGSB-37.50-M, “Hot-Applied, Rubberized Asphalt for Roofing and Waterproofing,”
g)CGSB 37-GP-52M, “Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane, Sheet Applied, Elastomeric,”
h)CAN/CGSB-37.54, “Polyvinyl Chloride Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane,”
i)CGSB 37-GP-56M, “Membrane, Modified, Bituminous, Prefabricated, and Reinforced for Roofing,”
j)CGSB 41-GP-6M, “Sheets, Thermosetting Polyester Plastics, Glass Fiber Reinforced,”
k)CAN/CGSB-51.32-M, “Sheathing, Membrane, Breather Type,”
l)CAN/CSA-A123.1, “Asphalt Shingles Made From Organic Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules,”
m)CSA A123.2, “Asphalt-Coated Roofing Sheets,”
n)CAN/CSA-A123.3, “Asphalt Saturated Organic Roofing Felt,”
o)CAN/CSA-A123.4, “Asphalt for Constructing Built-Up Roof Coverings and Waterproofing Systems,”
p)CAN/CSA-A123.5, “Asphalt Shingles Made From Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules,”
q)CSA A123.17, “Asphalt-Saturated Felted Glass-Fibre Mat for Use in Construction of Built-Up Roofs,”
r)CAN/CSA-A220.0-M, “Performance of Concrete Roof Tiles,”
s)CSA O118.1, “Western Cedars Shakes and Shingles,” or
t)CSA O118.2-M, “Eastern White Cedar Shingles.”
2) Except where otherwise permitted by the authority having jurisdiction, cedar shingles and shakes shall be certified as to grade by an agency accredited by the Standards Council of Canada.
1) Nails used for roofing shall be corrosion-resistant
roofing or shingle nails conforming to CSA B111, “Wire Nails, Spikes
and Staples.”
2) Nails shall have sufficient length to penetrate
through, or 12 mm into, roof sheathing.
3) Nails used with asphalt roofing shall have a head
diameter of not less than 9.5 mm and a shank thickness of not
less than 2.95 mm.
4) Nails used with wood shingles or shakes shall have a
head diameter of not less than 4.8 mm and a shank thickness of
not less than 2.0 mm and shall be stainless steel, aluminum or
hot-dipped galvanized. (See Appendix A.)
1) Staples used to apply asphalt or wood shingles shall
be corrosion-resistant and shall be driven with the crown
parallel to the eaves.
2) Staples used with asphalt shingles shall be not less
than 19 mm long, 1.6 mm diam or thickness, with not less than a
25 mm crown, except that an 11 mm crown may be used as provided
in Sentence 9.26.7.4.(2).
3) Staples used with wood shingles shall be not less than
29 mm long, 1.6 mm diam or thickness, with not less than a 9.5
mm crown and shall be stainless steel or aluminum. (See A-9.26.2.2.(4) in Appendix A.)
1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the slopes on which roof coverings may be applied shall conform
to Table 9.26.3.1.
| Table 9.26.3.1. Roofing Types and Slope Limits Forming Part of Sentence 9.26.3.1.(1) |
||
| Type of Roofing | Minimum Slope | Maximum Slope |
|---|---|---|
| Asbestos-Cement Corrugated Sheets | 1 in 4 | no limit |
| Asphalt Shingles | ||
| Low slope application | 1 in 6 | no limit |
| Normal application | 1 in 3 | no limit |
| Built-up Roofing | ||
| Asphalt base (without gravel) | 1 in 25 | 1 in 2 |
| Asphalt base (gravelled) | 1 in 50(1) | 1 in 4 |
| Coal-tar base (gravelled) | 1 in 50(1) | 1 in 25 |
| Cold process | 1 in 25 | 1 in 1.33 |
| Cedar Shakes | 1 in 3 | no limit |
| Clay Tile | 1 in 2 | no limit |
| Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyester Roofing Panels | 1 in 4 | no limit |
| Modified Bituminous Membranes | 1 in 50 | 1 in 4 |
| Profiled Metal Roofing | 1 in 4(1) | no limit |
| Roll Roofing | ||
| 480 mm wide selvage asphalt roofing | 1 in 6 | no limit |
| Cold application felt | 1 in 50 | 1 in 1.33 |
| Smooth and mineral surfaced | 1 in 4 | no limit |
| Sheet Metal Shingles | 1 in 4(1) | no limit |
| Slate Shingles | 1 in 2 | no limit |
| Wood Shingles | 1 in 4 | no limit |
| Notes to Table 9.26.3.1. | |
|
|
|
| (1) | See Sentence 9.26.3.1.(3). |
2) Asphalt and gravel or coal tar and gravel roofs may be
constructed with lower slopes than required in Sentence (1) when effective drainage is provided by roof drains located at
the lowest points on the roofs.
3) Profiled metal roof cladding systems
specifically designed for low-slope applications are permitted
to be installed with lower slopes than required by Sentence (1), provided they are installed in conformance with the
manufacturer's written recommendations.
4) Except where back-slope will not adversely affect
adjacent supported or supporting constructions due to water
ingress, roofs and constructions that effectively serve as
roofs shall be constructed with sufficient slope away from
a)exterior walls, and
b) guards that are connected to the roof, or to a construction that effectively serves as a roof, by more than pickets or posts.
(See A-9.26.1.1.(2), A-9.26.4.1. and A-9.27.3.8.(4) in Appendix A.)
5) The slope required by Sentence (4) shall be sufficient to maintain a positive
slope
a)after expected shrinkage of the building frame, where these surfaces are supported by exterior walls and exterior columns (see A-9.27.3.8.(4) in Appendix A), and
b)once design loading is taken into consideration, where these surfaces are cantilevered from exterior walls.
(See Appendix A: A-9.26.4.1. and A-9.26.1.1.(2))
1) Except where the omission of flashing will not
adversely affect adjacent supported or supporting
constructions, flashing shall be installed at junctions
between roofs and
a)walls that rise above the roof, and
b) guards that are connected to the roof by more than pickets or posts.
2) For the purpose of Sentence (1), roofs shall include platforms that effectively
serve as roofs with respect to the accumulation or drainage
of precipitation.
1) Sheet metal flashing shall consist of not less than
a)1.73 mm thick sheet lead,
b)0.33 mm thick galvanized steel,
c) 0.33 mm thick copper,
d) 0.35 mm thick zinc, or
e)0.48 mm thick aluminum.
1) Where sloping surfaces of shingled roofs intersect to
form a valley, the valley shall be flashed.
2) Valley flashing shall be installed over continuous
sheathing.
3) Closed valleys shall not be used with rigid shingles
on slopes of less than 1 in 1.2.
4) Open valleys shall be flashed with at least
a)one layer of sheet metal not less than 600 mm wide, or
b)2 layers of roll roofing.
5) The bottom layer of roofing required in Sentence (4) shall consist of at least Type S smooth roll roofing or Type M
mineral surface roll roofing (mineral surface down) not less
than 457 mm wide, centred in the valley and fastened with nails
spaced not more than 450 mm o.c. located 25 mm away from the
edges.
6) The top layer of roofing required in Sentence (4) shall consist of at least Type M mineral surface roll roofing
(mineral surface up), 914 mm wide, centred in the valley,
applied over a 100 mm wide strip of cement along each edge of
the bottom layer, and fastened with a sufficient number of nails
to hold it in place until the shingles are applied.
1) The intersection of shingle roofs and masonry walls or
chimneys shall be protected with flashing.
2) Counter flashing required in Sentence (1) shall be embedded not less than 25 mm in the masonry and shall
extend not less than 150 mm down the masonry and lap the lower
flashing not less than 100 mm.
3) Flashing along the slopes of a roof described in
Sentence (1) shall be stepped so that there is not less than a 75
mm head lap in both the lower flashing and counter flashing.
4) Where the roof described in Sentence (1) slopes upwards from the masonry, the flashing shall extend up
the roof slope to a point equal in height to the flashing on the
masonry, but not less than 1.5 times the shingle exposure.
1) The intersection of shingle roofs and walls clad with
other than masonry shall be protected with flashing.
2) Flashing required in Sentence (1) shall be installed so that it extends up the wall not less than
75 mm behind the sheathing paper, and extends not less than 75
mm horizontally.
3) Along the slope of the roof, the flashing required in
Sentence (1) shall be stepped with not less than a 75 mm head
lap.
1) The intersection of built-up roofs with masonry walls
or chimneys shall have a cant strip at the intersection, and a roofing membrane shall
be mopped over the cant strip and not less than 150 mm up the
wall.
2) Counter flashing installed over the intersection
referred to in Sentence (1) shall be embedded not less than 25 mm in the masonry, and shall be of sufficient length to extend down
not less than 150 mm, lapping the membrane on the masonry not
less than 100 mm.
1) The intersection of built-up roofs with walls clad
with other than masonry shall have a cant strip at the
intersection.
2) The roofing membrane shall be mopped over the cant
strip referred to in Sentence (1).
3) Flashing plies shall extend not less than 150 mm up
the wall referred to in Sentence (1) behind the sheathing paper.
1) Except as otherwise permitted in Sentence (5), chimney saddles shall be installed where the upper side of a chimney on a sloping roof is more than 750 mm wide.
2) Chimney saddles shall be covered with sheet metal or roofing material of weight and
quality equivalent to the roofing.
3) Saddles shall be flashed where they intersect the
roof.
4) The intersection of the saddle and the chimney shall be flashed and counterflashed as described in Article 9.26.4.4.
5) A chimney saddle need not be installed if the intersection between the
chimney and roof is protected by sheet metal flashing that extends up the chimney to a height equal to at least one sixth the width of the chimney, but not less than 150 mm, and up the roof slope to a point equal in height to
the flashing on the chimney, but not less than 1.5 times the shingle exposure.
6) Flashing described in Sentence (5) at the chimney shall be counterflashed as required by Article 9.26.4.4.
1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), eave protection shall be provided on shingle, shake or tile
roofs, extending from the edge of the roof a minimum of 900 mm
up the roof slope to a line not less than 300 mm inside the
inner face of the exterior wall.
2) Eave protection is not required
a)over unheated garages, carports and porches,
b)where the roof overhang exceeds 900 mm measured along the roof slope from the edge of the roof to the inner face of the exterior wall,
c)on roofs of asphalt shingles installed in accordance with Subsection 9.26.8.,
d)on roofs with slopes of 1 in 1.5 or greater, or
e)in regions with 3 500 or fewer degree-days.
1) Eave protection shall be laid beneath the starter
strip and shall consist of
a)No. 15 asphalt-saturated felt laid in two plies lapped 480 mm and cemented together with lap cement,
b)Type M or S roll roofing laid with not less than 100 mm head and end laps cemented together with lap cement,
c)glass fibre or polyester fibre coated base sheets, or
d)self-sealing composite membranes consisting of modified bituminous coated material.
1) Except as required in Sentence (2), when underlay is used beneath shingles, it shall be
a)asphalt-saturated sheathing paper weighing not less than 0.195 kg/m2, or
b)No. 15 plain or perforated asphalt-saturated felt.
2) Underlay used beneath wood shingles shall be breather
type.
1) When used with shingles, underlay shall be installed
parallel to the eaves with head and end lap of not less than
50 mm.
2) The top edge of each strip of underlay referred to in
Sentence (1) shall be fastened with sufficient roofing nails to
hold it in place until the shingles are applied.
3) The underlay referred to in Sentence (1) shall overlap the eave protection by not less than 100 mm. (See
Article 9.26.10.2. for underlay beneath wood shakes.)
1) Coverage shall be not less than 2 thicknesses of
shingle over the entire roof, disregarding cutouts.
1) A starter strip shall be installed along the lower
edge of the roof so that it extends approximately 12 mm beyond
the eaves and rake of the roof and fastened along the bottom
edge with nails spaced not more than 300 mm o.c.
2) Starter strips shall be at least Type M
mineral-surfaced roll roofing not less than 300 mm wide, or
shingles of the same weight and quality as those used as a roof
covering with tabs facing up the roof slope.
3) Starter strips need not be provided where eave
protection of not less than Type M mineral-surfaced roll roofing
is provided.
1) Shingles shall have a head lap of not less than 50 mm.
1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), shingles shall be fastened with at least 4 nails or staples for
1 m wide shingles so that no nails or staples are exposed.
2) Where staples with an 11 mm crown are used, shingles
shall be fastened with at least 6 staples.
3) Fasteners may be reduced for narrower shingles in
proportion to the width of the shingle or when shingles
incorporating interlocking devices are used.
4) Fasteners referred to in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be located 25 mm to 40 mm from each end of each strip shingle with other fasteners equally spaced between
them.
5) Fasteners referred to in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be located not less than 12 mm above the tops of the cutouts.
1) Shingle tabs shall be secured by a spot of plastic
cement not exceeding 25 mm diam under the centre of each tab or
by interlocking devices or self-sealing strips.
1) Shingles on hips and ridges shall be applied so they
extend not less than 100 mm on either side of the hip or ridge,
and shall be lapped not less than 150 mm.
2) Shingles referred to in Sentence (1) shall be fastened with nails or staples on each side located not
more than 25 mm from the edge and 25 mm above the butt of the
overlying shingle.
1) Eave protection shall conform to Subsection 9.26.5.
1) Flashing shall conform to Subsection 9.26.4.
1) Except for the first 2 courses, coverage shall be not
less than 3 thicknesses of shingle over the entire roof,
disregarding cutouts.
1) A starter strip shall be installed as in Article 9.26.7.2.
2) Starter strips required in Sentence (1) shall be laid in a continuous band of cement not less than 200
mm wide.
1) Shingle tabs shall be secured with cold application
cement applied at the rate of not less than 0.5 L/m2
of cemented area, or hot application asphalt applied at the rate
of 1 kg/m2 of cemented area.
1) The first course of shingles shall be secured by a
continuous band of cement along the eaves applied so that the
width of the band equals the shingle exposure plus 100 mm.
2) The succeeding courses of shingles shall be secured by
a continuous band of cement applied so that the width of the
band equals the shingle exposure plus 50 mm.
3) The band required in Sentence (2) shall be located not more than 50 mm above the butt of the
overlying course of shingles.
1) Shingles on hips and ridges shall be not less than
300 mm wide applied to provide triple coverage.
2) Shingles referred to in Sentence (1) shall be cemented to the roof shingles and to each other with a
coat of cement and fastened with nails or staples located 40 mm
above the butt of the overlying shingle and 50 mm from each
edge.
1) Flashing shall conform to Subsection 9.26.4.
1) Shingles shall be fastened in accordance with Article 9.26.7.4.
1) Decking for wood shingled roofs may be continuous or
spaced.
1) Western cedar shingles shall be not less than No. 2
grade.
2) Eastern white cedar shingles shall be not less than B
(clear) grade.
1) Wood shingles shall be not less than 400 mm long and
not less than 75 mm or more than 350 mm wide.
1) Shingles shall be spaced approximately 6 mm apart and
offset at the joints in adjacent courses not less than 40 mm so
that joints in alternate courses are staggered.
1) Shingles shall be fastened with 2 nails or staples
located approximately 20 mm from the sides of the shingle and
40 mm above the exposure line.
1) The exposure of wood roof shingles shall conform to
Table 9.26.9.6.
| Table 9.26.9.6. Exposure of Wood Roof Shingles Forming Part of Sentence 9.26.9.6.(1) |
||||||
| Roof Slope | Maximum Exposure, mm | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No.1 or A Grade Length of Shingle, mm | No. 2 or B Grade Length of Shingle, mm | |||||
| 400 | 450 | 600 | 400 | 450 | 600 | |
| < 1 in 3 | 100 | 115 | 165 | 90 | 100 | 140 |
| ≥ 1 in 3 | 125 | 140 | 190 | 100 | 115 | 165 |
1) Flashing shall conform to Subsection 9.26.4.
1) Eave protection shall conform to Subsection 9.26.5.
1) Shakes shall be not less than 450 mm long and not less
than 100 mm nor more than 350 mm wide with a butt thickness of
not more than 32 mm and not less than 9 mm.
1) Where eave protection is not provided, an underlay
conforming to the requirements in Article 9.26.6.1. for wood shingles shall be laid as a strip
not less than 900 mm wide along the eaves.
2) A strip of material similar to that described in
Sentence (1) not less than 450 mm wide shall be interlaid
between each course of shakes with the bottom edge of the strip
positioned above the butt line at a distance equal to double the
exposure of the shakes.
3) Interlaid strips referred to in Sentence (2) shall be lapped not less than 150 mm at hips and ridges in a
manner that will prevent water from reaching the roof sheathing.
1) Shakes shall be spaced 6 mm to 9 mm apart and the
joints in any one course shall be separated not less than 40 mm
from joints in adjacent courses.
1) Shakes shall be fastened with nails located
approximately 20 mm from the sides of the shakes and 40 mm above
the exposure line.
1) The exposure of wood shakes shall not exceed
a)190 mm for shakes not less than 450 mm long, and
b)250 mm for shakes not less than 600 mm long.
1) Flashing shall conform to Subsection 9.26.4.
1) Eave protection shall conform to Subsection 9.26.5.
1) Shakes shall be not less than No. 1 or Handsplit
grade.
1) The quantities of bituminous materials used on
built-up roofs shall conform to Table 9.26.11.1.
| Table 9.26.11.1. Quantities of Bitumen for Built-up Roofs Forming Part of Sentence 9.26.11.1.(1) |
||
| Type of Roof | Amount of Bitumen per Square Metre of Roof Surface | |
|---|---|---|
| Mopping Coats between Layers | Flood Coat | |
| Asphalt and aggregate | 1 kg | 3 kg |
| Coal-tar and aggregate | 1.2 kg | 3.6 kg |
| Cold process roofing | 0.75 L cold process cement | 2 L cold process top coating |
1) Coal-tar products and asphalt products shall not be
used together in built-up roof construction.
1) Bitumen roofing felts shall be at least No. 15 felt.
1) Aggregate used for surfacing built-up roofs shall be
clean, dry and durable and shall consist of particles of gravel,
crushed stone or air-cooled blast furnace slag having a size of from 6 mm to 15 mm.
2) The minimum amount of aggregate surfacing per square
metre of roof surface shall be 15 kg gravel or crushed stone or
10 kg crushed slag.
1) Flashing shall conform to Subsection 9.26.4.
1) Built-up roofing shall consist of not less than 3
mopped-down layers of roofing felt flood coated with bitumen.
1) In hot process applications each layer of
bitumen-saturated felt shall be laid while the bitumen is hot,
with each layer overlapping the previous one.
2) The full width under each lap referred to in Sentence (1) shall be coated with bitumen so that in no place does felt touch
felt.
3) Felt shall be laid free of wrinkles and shall be
rolled directly into the hot bitumen and broomed forward and
outward from the centre to ensure complete adhesion.
1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), built-up roofing applied over wood, plywood, OSB or waferboard
roof sheathing shall be laid over an additional base layer of
felt laid dry over the entire roof deck with not less than a 50
mm headlap and a 50 mm sidelap between each sheet.
2) Where plywood, OSB or waferboard roof sheathing is
used, the dry layer of felt required in Sentence (1) may be omitted when the joints are taped and the sheathing is
primed with asphalt.
1) Roofing shall be securely attached to the decking or
where insulation is applied above the deck, the insulation shall
be securely attached to the deck before the first layer of felt
is fastened to the insulation.
1) Except as permitted in Sentence (4), a cant strip shall be provided at the edges of roofs.
2) At least 2 plies of the roofing membrane shall be
carried over the top of the cant strip.
3) Flashing shall extend over the top of the cant strip
and be shaped to form a drip.
4) The cant strip required in Sentence (1) need not be provided where a gravel stop is installed at the
edge of roofs.
5) The roofing membranes shall be carried over the edge
of the roof before the gravel stop referred to in Sentence (4) is fastened and 2 plies of roofing membrane mopped to the top
surface of the gravel stop before the flood coat is applied.
6) The gravel stop referred to in Sentence (4) shall extend over the edge of the roof to form a drip or shall
be flashed so that the flashing extends over the edge to form a
drip.
1) Wide selvage asphalt roofing shall provide double
coverage over the entire roof surface.
1) Plies of selvage roofing shall be cemented together to
ensure a water tight joint.
1) Sheet metal roofing shall be not less than
a)0.33 mm thick galvanized steel,
b)0.46 mm thick copper,
c)0.46 mm thick zinc, or
d)0.48 mm thick aluminum.
1) Where sheet metal roofing is not supported by roof
decking but spans between spaced supports, the panels shall
be designed to support the specified live loads for roofs.
1) Where glass reinforced polyester roofing panels are
not supported by roof decking but span between spaced supports,
the panels shall be designed to support the specified live roof
loads.
1) Hot applied rubberized asphalt roofing shall be
installed in accordance with CAN/CGSB-37.51-M,
“Application for Hot-Applied Rubberized Asphalt for Roofing
and Waterproofing.”
1) Polyvinyl chloride sheet applied roofing membrane
shall be installed in accordance with CGSB 37-GP-55M,
“Application of Sheet Applied Flexible Polyvinyl Chloride
Roofing Membrane.”
1) Concrete roof tiles shall be installed according to CAN/CSA-A220.1-M, “Installation of Concrete Roof Tiles.”
(See Appendix A.)
1) When roof drains are provided they shall conform to
Part 7.
1) Where downspouts are provided and are not connected to
a sewer, extensions shall be provided to carry rainwater away
from the building in a manner which will prevent soil erosion.