1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and except as otherwise specified in this Code, this Section
provides the minimum requirements regarding the detection of
leaks in aboveground and underground storage tanks, piping systems and sumps.
2) This Section shall not apply to storage tanks that have been taken out of service in compliance with the applicable provisions of
Subsection 4.3.15.
1) Every storage tank, piping system and sump, including those at fuel-dispensing stations, shall be tested and monitored for leaks in conformance with Tables 4.4.1.2.A. to 4.4.1.2.E., which establish the minimum requirements regarding the
frequency and methods to be used for
a)commissioning testing,
b)subsequent in-service monitoring, and
c)testing when a leak is suspected.
2) The methods referred to in Sentence (1) shall conform to Subsections 4.4.2. to 4.4.4.
3) The commissioning testing referred to in Sentence (1) shall be performed at the time of installation
a)once backfill and surfacing have been completed but before being put into service, in the case of an underground storage tank or underground piping system,
b)before being put into service, in the case of an aboveground storage tank or exposed piping system, and
c)once the final surface materials have been installed but before being put into service, in the case of a sump.
4) The frequency of the in-service monitoring
referred to in Sentence (1) shall be calculated from the date of the
commissioning test.
5) Immediate action shall be taken when a leak is
suspected and the leak detection testing referred to in
Sentence (1) shall be performed if
a)a loss of liquid or a gain of water is indicated by any of the leak detection measures described in this Section, or
b)the level of water at the bottom of an underground storage tank exceeds 50 mm.
6) The minimum requirements referred to in Sentence (1) shall not preclude the appropriate use of alternative solutions,
innovative new technologies, or methods capable of achieving
the same objectives. (See Appendix A.)
| Table 4.4.1.2.A. Leak Detection Testing and Monitoring of Underground Storage Tanks Forming Part of Sentence 4.4.1.2.(1) |
||||
| Type of Containment | Commissioning Test | In-Service Monitoring | Leak Suspected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous | Periodic | |||
| Single-walled(1) | Precision Leak Detection Test | Inventory Reconciliation | Precision Leak Detection Test every 2 years | Precision Leak Detection Test |
| Inventory Reconciliation and Monitoring Wells | Precision Leak Detection Test every 5 years | |||
| Statistical Inventory Reconciliation (SIR) | ||||
| Automatic Tank Gauge | None required | |||
| Continuous In-Tank Leak Detection | ||||
| Double-walled(2) | Precision Leak Detection Test or Secondary Containment Test(3) | Secondary Containment Monitoring | None required | Precision Leak Detection Test or Secondary Containment Test(3) |
| Notes to Table | |
|
|
|
| (1) | Applies to single-walled tanks of typical construction, including storage tanks that do not meet the requirements for double-walled tanks. |
| (2) | Applies to double-walled tanks, which have an interstitial space that allows for monitoring using high- or low-tech methods. |
| (3) | The Secondary Containment Test is capable of detecting leaks in the interstitial space of the tank. Risers, connections and vents are also susceptible to leakage and must therefore also be tested. |
| Table 4.4.1.2.B. Leak Detection Testing and Monitoring of Aboveground Storage Tanks Forming Part of Sentence 4.4.1.2.(1) |
||||
| Type of Containment(1) | Commissioning Test | In-Service Monitoring | Leak Suspected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous | Periodic | |||
| Contained open(2) vertical tank | Visual inspection(3) during Liquid Media Test | Inventory Reconciliation and Secondary Containment Monitoring | API 653 or Tank floor inspection every 10 years | API 653 or Tank floor inspection |
| Contained open(2) horizontal tank | Visual inspection(3) during Liquid Media Test | None required | Visual inspection(3) | |
| Double-walled(4) | Visual inspection(3) | Secondary Containment Monitoring | None required | Secondary Containment Monitoring |
| Notes to Table | |
|
|
|
| (1) | See Subsection 4.3.7. |
| (2) | Applies to tanks contained in an open arrangement that do not meet the requirements for double-walled tanks and do not conform to Subsection 4.3.7. |
| (3) | Visual leak detection may apply to single- or double-walled storage tanks and piping. See Sentence 4.4.2.1.(8). |
| (4) | Applies to double-walled tanks, which have an interstitial space that allows for monitoring using high- or low-tech methods. |
| Table 4.4.1.2.C. Leak Detection Testing and Monitoring of Underground Piping Systems Forming Part of Sentence 4.4.1.2.(1) |
||||
| Type of Containment | Commissioning Test | In-Service Monitoring | Leak Suspected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous | Periodic | |||
| Single-walled(1) | Pipe Leak Detection Test | Inventory Reconciliation | Pipe Leak Detection Test every 2 years | Pipe Leak Detection Test |
| Inventory Reconciliation and Monitoring Wells | Pipe Leak Detection Test every 5 years | |||
| SIR | ||||
| Single Vertical Check Valve(2) | ||||
| Automatic Tank Gauge | None required | |||
| Continuous In-Tank Leak Detection | ||||
| Single-walled, buried mechanical threaded connections(3) | Pipe Leak Detection Test | Pipe Leak Detection and Inventory Reconciliation | None required | Pipe Leak Detection Test |
| Single Vertical Check Valve(2) | Pipe Leak Detection Test every 12 months | |||
| Double-walled(4) | Pipe Leak Detection Test or Secondary Containment Test(5) | Secondary Containment Monitoring or Pipe Leak Detection(6) | None required | Pipe Leak Detection Test or Secondary Containment Test(5) |
| Notes to Table | |
|
|
|
| (1) | Applies to single-walled piping systems of typical construction, including piping systems that do not meet the requirements for double-walled piping systems. |
| (2) | Applies to suction line only. |
| (3) | See Article 4.5.5.6. |
| (4) | Applies to double-walled piping systems, which have an interstitial space that allows for monitoring using high- or low-tech methods. Monitoring in a sump can be done in accordance with Table 4.4.1.2.E. |
| (5) | The Secondary Containment Test is capable of detecting leaks in the interstitial space of pipes. Risers, connections and vents are also susceptible to leakage and must therefore also be tested. |
| (6) | Applies to pressure line only. |
| Table 4.4.1.2.D. Leak Detection Testing and Monitoring of Exposed Piping Systems Forming Part of Sentence 4.4.1.2.(1) |
||||
| Type of Containment | Commissioning Test | In-Service Monitoring | Leak Suspected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous | Periodic | |||
| Single-walled(1) | Pipe Leak Detection Test | Visual inspection | None required | Identify and repair |
| Flexible hose lines over water | Pipe Leak Detection Test every 12 months | |||
| Double-walled(2) | Secondary Containment Monitoring | None required | Pipe Leak Detection Test | |
| Contained open(3) | Visual inspection | None required | Identify and repair | |
| Notes to Table | |
|
|
|
| (1) | Applies to single-walled piping systems of typical construction, including piping systems that do not meet the requirements for double-walled or contained open piping systems. |
| (2) | Applies to double-walled piping systems with an interstitial space contiguous to the primary containment that can be monitored using high- or low-tech methods. |
| (3) | Applies to piping systems contained in an open arrangement that do not meet the requirements for double-walled piping systems and do not conform to Subsection 4.3.7. |
| Table 4.4.1.2.E. Leak Detection Testing and Monitoring of Turbine, Transition, Pump and Dispenser Sumps Forming Part of Sentence 4.4.1.2.(1) |
||
| Commissioning Test | Periodic In-Service Monitoring | Leak Suspected |
|---|---|---|
| Static Liquid Media Leak Detection Test(1) | Visual inspection every 12 months | Identify and repair |
| Notes to Table | |
|
|
|
| (1) | See Article 4.4.3.6. |
1) When a leak detection test required by this
Section detects a leak in a storage tank, piping system or sump,
a)the leaking components or system shall be
i)repaired and tested,
ii)replaced, or
iii)removed, and
b)the escaped liquid shall be removed in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6.
1) Records of the tests referred to in this Section
shall be retained in conformance with Article 2.2.1.2. of Division C.
1) This Subsection applies to the leak detection
testing and monitoring methods referred to in this
Section.
2) Inventory reconciliation referred to in this
Section
a)shall follow the procedures established in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pamphlet, EPA 510-B-93-004, “Doing Inventory Control Right for Underground Storage Tanks,” which also allows calculations for the inventory reconciliation procedure to be completed using an electronic methodology referred to as automatic tank gauging, and
b)shall conform to Article 4.4.4.1.
3) The use of monitoring wells shall follow the
procedures established in the CCME document, “Environmental
Code of Practice for Aboveground and Underground Storage
Tank Systems Containing Petroleum Products and Allied
Petroleum Products.” (See Appendix A.)
4) Statistical inventory reconciliation (SIR)
methodology shall follow the procedures established in the
EPA documents, EPA 530/UST-90/007, “Evaluating Leak
Detection Methods: Statistical Inventory Reconciliation
Methods (SIR),” and EPA 510-B-95-009, “Introduction to
Statistical Inventory Reconciliation: For Underground
Storage Tanks.” (See A-4.4.4.1. in Appendix A.)
5) Where inventory reconciliation is performed using
automatic tank gauging referred to in Clause (2)(a), the equipment shall conform to
a)ULC/ORD-C58.12, “Leak Detection Devices (Volumetric Type) for Underground Flammable Liquid Storage Tanks,” or
b)ULC/ORD-C58.14, “Non-Volumetric Leak Detection Devices for Underground Flammable Liquid Storage Tanks.”
6) A continuous in-tank leak detection system shall
conform to good engineering practice and meet the
requirements of a precision leak detection test. (See
Appendix A.)
7) High-tech secondary containment monitoring
referred to in this Section shall include the use of an
automatic device that
a)conforms to Clause (5)(a) or (b), and
b)continuously monitors the interstitial space between the inner tank or inner piping and the secondary containment.
(See Sentence 4.3.7.7.(1).) (See Appendix A for low-tech method.)8) Visual inspection referred to in this Section
shall,
a)in the case of an exposed piping system, conform to Article 4.5.10.5., and
b)in the case of an aboveground storage tank, consist of
i)a visual examination of the tank shell, or
ii)if the bottom of the tank is not amenable to a visual examination, testing the bottom of the tank (see Appendix A).
9) A static liquid media leak detection test shall
conform to Article 4.4.3.6.
10) The precision leak detection test for underground
storage tanks that is referred to in this Section shall
a)be capable of detecting a tank leak rate as small as 0.38 L/h within 24 h with a probability of detection of 0.95 or greater and a probability of false alarm of 0.05 or less,
b)conform to the performance requirements of
i)ULC/ORD-C58.12, “Leak Detection Devices (Volumetric Type) for Underground Flammable Liquid Storage Tanks,” or
ii)ULC/ORD-C58.14, “Non-Volumetric Leak Detection Devices for Underground Flammable Liquid Storage Tanks” (see Appendix A), and
c)be conducted by an individual who has been trained in the proper care and use of the test equipment and the operating procedures.
(See also Sentences 4.4.3.1.(2) and (3).)11) Pipe leak detection referred to in this Section
shall conform to ULC/ORD-C107.12, “Line Leak Detection
Devices for Flammable Liquid Piping.” (See also Articles 4.4.3.4. and 4.4.3.5.)
12) A single vertical check valve referred to in this
Section shall
a)consist of a vertical check valve located immediately under the pump,
b)be installed with no other check valve between the suction pump and the storage tank, and
c)be part of an installation where lines must be sufficiently sloped so that any liquid in the line will drain back into the storage tank should a leak occur in the piping system.
(See Appendix A.)1) Where field test methods are included in the tank
construction standards referred to in Articles 4.3.1.2. and 4.3.1.3., such tests shall be permitted for storage tanks conforming to those
standards.
2) If a precision leak detection test referred to in
Sentence 4.4.2.1.(10) detects a leak rate exceeding 0.38 L/h
on an underground storage tank, the tank shall be considered to be leaking.
3) During a leak detection test on a storage tank, the pressure at the bottom of the tank shall not exceed the tank manufacturer's
specifications.
1) Pneumatic leak detection tests using compressed
air shall not be performed on storage tanks and piping systems having once contained
flammable liquids or combustible liquids.
2) Except as provided in Sentence (1), pneumatic leak detection tests using compressed air or an
inert gas shall include the application of soap and water to
the tank and piping surface, fittings, joints and
connections to help in the detection of
leaks.
3) In the case of underground storage tanks or piping, the test referred to in Sentence (2) shall be conducted prior to covering the tank or piping
system.
4) Pneumatic leak detection tests shall not be
performed on field-erected aboveground storage tanks.
1) Where a pneumatic leak detection test is performed
on a storage tank, the tank shall be considered to be leaking if the test indicates a pressure
drop within 2 h of establishing steady temperature
conditions and removing the source of
pressure.
2) Pressure applied to underground storage tanks during a pneumatic leak detection test shall be measured by an instrument calibrated in
increments of not more than 1 kPa.
3) Where a pneumatic leak detection test is conducted
before an underground storage tank is backfilled, in the case of a new tank, or after the tank
is uncovered, in the case of a previously installed tank,
the test pressure shall be in conformance with the
production testing requirements of
a)ULC-S603, “Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids,” or
b)ULC-S615, “Reinforced Plastic Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids.”
4) Where a pneumatic leak detection test is performed
on a completely buried storage tank, the test pressure shall not be less than 35 kPa
(gauge) and shall not exceed the tank manufacturer's
specifications.
5) Measures shall be taken to guard against the
hazards associated with pneumatic leak detection testing in
areas where explosive mixtures of flammable liquid or combustible liquid vapours and air may be present in the vicinity of a storage tank that has been in use.
1) A pressure decline test using an inert gas is
permitted to be used as a leak detection test for piping
systems that
a)are new or in use, and
b)convey a volume of less than 1 000 L.
2) A pressure decline test performed on a piping
system shall conform to Sentences (3) to (9).
3) The design and installation of the piping system
permitting, the piping system's contents shall be drained
prior to conducting the pressure decline test
procedure.
4) Pumps, dispensers and other auxiliary equipment
that are connected to the piping system and cannot withstand
the pressure of the test shall be isolated from the test
procedure to prevent damage to the equipment.
5) A stabilization period of up to 30 min is required
after pressurization.
6) Pipe volumes of 500 L or less shall be pressurized
for at least 60 min after stabilization.
7) Pipe volumes greater than 500 L but less than 1
000 L shall be pressurized for at least 2 h after
stabilization.
8) Test pressures shall
a)be the greater of 350 kPa (gauge) or 1.5 times the maximum operating pressure, and
b)not exceed the piping manufacturer's test specifications.
9) The piping system shall be considered to be
leaking if any pressure decline is detected within the time
periods stated.
1) Liquid media leak detection testing of piping
systems shall conform to Sentences (2) to (9).
2) Test devices and methods shall conform to the
performance requirements of ULC/ORD-C107.12, “Line Leak
Detection Devices for Flammable Liquid
Piping.”
3) Tests shall be conducted by an individual who has
been trained in the proper use of the test device and the
operating procedures.
4) A sufficient amount of time shall be allocated to
stabilize the temperature of the liquid throughout the
volume of the piping during the test.
5) Except as provided in Sentences (6) and (7), test pressure shall
a)be the greater of 350 kPa (gauge) or 1.5 times the maximum operating pressure, and
b)not exceed the piping manufacturer's test specifications.
6) Test pressures exceeding 700 kPa (gauge) shall not
be permitted unless the piping system is designed for such
pressures.
7) Where test pressures exceed the design pressures
for pumps or similar components connected to the piping
system being tested, such pumps or components shall be
isolated from the test procedure.
8) Class I liquids shall not be used for pressure
testing piping systems, except that pressure piping normally
containing Class I liquids is permitted to be tested with
such liquids at pressures not exceeding their maximum
operating pressures.
9) The pipe shall be considered to be leaking if the
leak rate exceeds 0.38 L/h.
1) Static liquid media leak detection testing of
turbine, transition, dispenser and pump sumps shall conform
to Sentences (2) to (4).
2) The liquid used for the test shall
a)exceed the elevation of the piping and other points of entry into the sump, and
b)not be a flammable liquid or a combustible liquid.
3) The minimum duration of the test shall be 1
h.
4) The sumps referred to in Sentence (1) shall be considered to be leaking if the loss of liquid in the
sump is measurable.
1) Where inventory reconciliation is required by this
Section, the liquid level in any storage tank shall be measured at intervals not greater
than 7 days in conformance with Sentences (2) to (4), except that at fuel-dispensing stations the measurements shall be taken each day the station is in
operation.
2) The level of water at the bottom of an underground
storage tank shall be measured at intervals not greater than 7 days, except that at fuel-dispensing stations the measurements shall be taken each day the station is in
operation.
3) A comparison of the measurements described in
Sentences (1) and (2) with meter readings and a computation of any gain or loss of liquid shall be done each time a required
measurement is taken.
4) A record of the measurements for each storage tank and of the computations described in Sentence (3) shall be retained, in conformance with Article 2.2.1.2. of Division C.
1) Where continuous leak detection is provided on an
underground piping system, it shall conform to
ULC/ORD-C107.12, “Line Leak Detection Devices for Flammable
Liquid Piping.”