Division B
Acceptable Solutions
Part 9 — Housing and Small Buildings
Section 9.7. Windows,
Doors
and Skylights
(See Appendix A and A-9.7.4. in Appendix A.)
9.7.1.
General
9.7.1.1. Application
1) 
This Section applies to
a) windows, doors and skylights separating
conditioned space from unconditioned space or the exterior, and
b) main entrance doors.
2) 
For the purpose of this Section, the term “skylight” refers to unit skylights, roof windows and tubular daylighting devices.
3) 
For the purpose of this Section, the term “doors” includes glazing in doors and sidelights for doors but does not include vehicular access doors.


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3) 
For the purpose of this Section, the term “doors” includes glazing in doors and sidelights for doors
but does not include vehicular access doors.
9.7.2.
Required Windows, Doors and Skylights
9.7.2.1. Entrance Doors
2) 
Main entrance doors to
dwelling units shall be provided with
a) a door viewer or transparent glazing in the door, or
b) a sidelight.
9.7.2.2.
[Reserved.]

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[Reserved.]Other Requirements for Windows, Doors and Skylights
1) Windows and skylights installed to provide required non-heating season ventilation
shall conform to Article 9.32.2.2.
2) Windows and doors installed to provide the required means of egress from bedrooms shall conform to Subsection 9.9.10.
3) Windows and doors installed to provide the required access to a building for firefighting purposes shall conform to Subsection 9.10.20.
4) The protection of window and door openings to protect persons from falling through
them shall conform to Article 9.8.8.1.
5) Minimum sizes of doorways and doors within an accessible path of travel shall conform to Section 9.5.
6) The location and protection of windows, doors and skylights in order to control the
spread of fire shall conform to Subsection 9.10.12.
7) Doors between dwelling units and attached garages shall conform to Article 9.10.13.15.
8) The surface flame-spread rating for doors and skylights shall conform to Article 9.10.17.1.
9) Properties of windows and doors within exits shall conform to Section 9.9.
10) Windows, doors and skylights shall conform to the energy efficiency requirements of
Part 10.
[Reserved.]
1) Minimum sizes of doorways and doors within an accessible path of travel shall conform to Section 9.5.
1) The protection of window and door openings to protect persons from falling through
them shall conform to Article 9.8.8.1.
2) Properties of windows and doors within exits shall conform to Section 9.9.
3) Windows and doors installed to provide the required means of egress from bedrooms shall conform to Subsection 9.9.10.
4) The location and protection of windows, doors and skylights in order to control the
spread of fire shall conform to Subsection 9.10.12.
5) Doors between dwelling units and attached garages shall conform to Article 9.10.13.15.
6) Windows and doors installed to provide the required access to a building for firefighting purposes shall conform to Subsection 9.10.20.
7) Windows and doors installed to provide the required access to a building for firefighting purposes shall conform to Subsection 9.10.20.
8) Properties of windows and doors within exits shall conform to Section 9.9.
9) Windows, doors and skylights shall conform to the energy efficiency requirements in
Section 9.36.
[Reserved.]
1) Windows and skylights installed to provide required non-heating season ventilation
shall conform to Article 9.32.2.2.
1) Windows and doors installed to provide the required means of egress from bedrooms shall conform to Subsection 9.9.10.
2) Windows and doors installed to provide the required access to a building for firefighting purposes shall conform to Subsection 9.10.20.
3) The protection of window and door openings to protect persons from falling through
them shall conform to Article 9.8.8.1.
4) Minimum sizes of doorways and doors within an accessible path of travel shall conform to Section 9.5.
5) The location and protection of windows, doors and skylights in order to control the
spread of fire shall conform to Subsection 9.10.12.
6) Doors between dwelling units and attached garages shall conform to Article 9.10.13.15.
7) The surface flame-spread rating for doors and skylights shall conform to Article 9.10.17.1.
8) Properties of windows and doors within exits shall conform to Section 9.9.
[Reserved.]Other Requirements for Windows, Doors and Skylights
1) 
Windows and skylights installed to provide required non-heating season ventilation shall conform to Article 9.32.2.2.
2) 
Windows and doors installed to provide the required
means of egress from bedrooms shall conform to Subsection 9.9.10.
3) 
Windows and doors installed to provide the required access to a
building for firefighting purposes shall conform to Subsection 9.10.20.
4) 
The protection of window and door openings to protect persons from falling through them shall conform to Article 9.8.8.1.
5) 
Minimum sizes of doorways and doors within a
barrier-free path of travel shall conform to Section 9.5.
6) 
The location and protection of windows, doors and skylights in order to control the spread of fire shall conform to Subsection 9.10.12.
7) 
Doors between
dwelling units and attached garages shall conform to Article 9.10.13.15.
8) 
The surface
flame-spread rating for doors and skylights shall conform to Article 9.10.17.1.
9) 
Properties of windows and doors within
exits shall conform to Section 9.9.
9.7.3. Performance of Windows, Doors and Skylights
9.7.3.1.
General
1) 
[Reserved.]
2) 
Skylights and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that they resist snow loads.


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General
1) [Reserved.]
2) Skylights and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that
they resist snow loads.
1) Compliance with the performance requirements described in Sentences (1)to (4) shall be demonstrated by
a) complying with the requirements in
i) Subsection 9.7.4. or 9.7.5., and
ii) Subsection 9.7.6., or
b) design and construction conforming to Part 5.
General
1) [Reserved.][Reserved].
2) Skylights and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that
they resist snow loads.
9.7.3.1. General
1) [Reserved.]
1) 
Except as provided in Sentences (2)to (4), windows, doors and skylights and their components separating
conditioned space from unconditioned space or the exterior shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they
a) resist the ingress of precipitation into interior space,
b) resist wind loads,
c) control air leakage,
d) resist the ingress of insects and vermin,
e) where required, resist forced entry, and
f) are easily operable.
1) 
Skylights and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that they resist snow loads.
1) 
Main entrance doors and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they
a) control air leakage,
b) resist the ingress of insects and vermin,
c) resist forced entry, and
d) are easily operable.
2) 
Storm doors for sliding doors and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they
a) resist wind loads,
b) control air leakage to a minimum allowable 5 m3h/m and a maximum allowable 8.35 m3h/m,
c) resist the ingress of insects and vermin, and
d) be easily operable.
3) 
Compliance with the performance requirements described in Sentences (1)to (4) shall be demonstrated by
a) complying with the requirements in
i) Subsection 9.7.4. or 9.7.5., and
ii) Subsection 9.7.6., or
b) design and construction conforming to Part 5.
9.7.3.2. Heat Transfer Performance
1) 
Windows, doors and skylights and their components described in
Clause 9.7.1.1.(1)(a) shall be designed, constructed and installed to
a) minimize surface condensation on the warm side of the component (see
Appendix A), and
b) ensure comfortable conditions for occupants.
2) Compliance with the heat transfer performance requirements described in
Sentence (1) shall be demonstrated by

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2) 
Compliance with the heat transfer performance requirements described in Sentence (1) shall be demonstrated by
a) complying with the requirements in Article 9.7.3.3., or
b) design and constructionconstruction conforming to Part 5.
9.7.3.3. Thermal Characteristics of Windows, Doors and Skylights
1) 

Except as permitted in
Sentence (2), metal frames, and metal sashes, of windows, doors and skylights shall incorporate a thermal break.
2) 
Windows and doors described in
Sentence (1) do not require a thermal break where they
a) are installed as storm windows and doors, or
3) 
Reserved.
4) 
Windows, doors and skylights with or without storm doors or sash that are installed in portions of
buildings where the intended use of the interior space will result in high moisture generation shall be designed in conformance with
Section 5.3. (See
A-9.25.5.2. in Appendix A.)


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9.7.3.3. Thermal Characteristics of Windows, Doors and Skylights
1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), metal Metal frames, and metal sashes, and sash of windows, doors and skylights shall incorporate a thermal break.
2) Windows and doors described in Sentence (1) do not require a thermal break where they
are installed as
a) vehicular access doors,
a) are installed as storm windows and doors, or
b) windows and doors that are required to have a fire-protection ratingfire-resistance rating.
3) Reserved.
4) Windows, doors and skylights with or without storm doors or sash that are installed
in portions of buildings where the intended use of the interior space will result in high moisture generation
shall be designed in conformance with Section 5.3. (See A-9.25.5.2. in Appendix A.)
9.7.3.3. Thermal Characteristics of Windows, Doors and Skylights
1) 
Except as permitted in Sentence (2), metal Metal frames
, and metal sashes, and sash of windows, doors and skylights shall incorporate a thermal break.
2) 
Windows and doors described in Sentence (1) do not require a thermal break where they
are installed as a) vehicular access doors,
a) are installed as storm windows and doors, or
b) windows and doors that are required to have a fire-protection ratingfire-resistance rating.
3) Reserved.
3) 
Windows, doors and skylights with or without storm doors or sash that are installed in
buildings where the intended use of the interior space will not result in high moisture generation
shall have a maximum thermal transmittance (U-value) or minimum temperature index
(I) in accordance with Table 9.7.3.3.
Table Maximum U-value or Minimum Temperature Index (I) for Windows, Doors and Skylights(1)(2) Forming part of Sentence 9.7.3.3.(3)
|
Component |
2.5% January Design Temperature |
|
Warmer than –15°C |
Between –15°C and –30°C |
Colder than –30°C |
|
max. U-value, W/m²K |
min. I |
max. U-value, W/m²K |
min. I |
max. U-value, W/m²K |
min. I |
Windows and doors |
2.5 |
54 |
2.0 |
68 |
1.7 |
77 |
Skylights |
3.5 |
(2) |
3.0 |
(2) |
2.7 |
(2) |
4) 
Windows, doors and skylights with or without storm doors or sash that are installed in portions of
buildings where the intended use of the interior space will result in high moisture generation
shall be designed in conformance with Section 5.3. (See A-9.25.5.2. in Appendix A.)
9.7.4.
Design and Construction
(See Appendix A.)
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9.7.4.Design and ConstructionManufactured Windows, Doors and Skylights
(See Appendix A.)
9.7.4.1. General

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9.7.4.1. GeneralApplication
1) Except as provided by
Sentence (2), windows, doors, skylights and their components shall

be designed and constructed in accordance with

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1) Except as
providedpermitted by Sentence (2), windows, doors, skylights and their components shall
be designed and constructed in accordance withconform toa) Article 9.7.4.2., or
b) Part 5.
1) Except as provided by Sentence (2), windows, doors, skylights and their components shall be designed and constructed
in accordance with
This Subsection applies to windows, doors and skylights covered in the scope of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, “NAFS – North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for Windows, Doors, and Skylights” (Harmonized Standard).
a) Article 9.7.4.2., or
b) Part 5.
9.7.4.2. Standards

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9.7.4.2. StandardsGeneral
1) Except as permitted by
Sentence (2) and
Article 9.7.4.3., windows, doors, skylights and their components shall conform to
(See Appendix A.)
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1) 
Except as permitted by Sentence (2)Manufactured and
Article 9.7.4.3.,pre-assembled windows, doors
, and skylights and their
components installation
shall conform to
a) AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, “NAFS – North American Fenestration Standard/Specification
for Windows, Doors, and Skylights” (Harmonized Standard), and
b) A440S1, “Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, NAFS – North American
Fenestration Standard/Specification for Windows, Doors, and Skylights.”
c) the remainder of this Subsection, and
d) the applicable requirements in Subsection 9.7.6.
(See Appendix A.)
2) A door designated as a “Limited Water” door in accordance with the standard referenced
in
Clause (1)(a) shall not be used unless the door
9.7.4.3. Performance Requirements
1) 
For the purposes of compliance with the standard referenced in
Clause 9.7.4.2.(1)(b), windows, doors and their components in a
building of no more than 10 m in height, measured from grade, may conform to the design pressure, performance
grade and water resistance values in
Table C-4 of Appendix C instead of the values calculated in the Canadian Supplement.

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Performance Requirements
1) Performance grades for windows, doors and skylights shall be selected according to
the Canadian Supplement referenced in Clause 9.7.4.2.(1)(b) so as to be appropriate for the conditions and geographic location in which the window,
door or skylight will be installed. (See Sentence 1.1.3.1.(3).)
1) For the purposes of compliance with the standard referenced in Clause 9.7.4.2.(1)(b), windows, doors and their components in a building of no more than 10 m in height, measured from grade, may conform to the design pressure, performance grade and water resistance values in Table C-4 of Appendix C instead of the values calculated in the Canadian Supplement.Windows, doors and skylights shall conform to the performance grades selected in Sentence (1) when tested in accordance with the Harmonized Standard referenced in Clause 9.7.4.2.(1)(a).
2) For buildings described in Sentence 1.3.3.3.(1) of Division A, where design pressure, performance grade and water resistance values are calculated in accordance with the standard referenced
in Clause 9.7.4.2.(1)(b), the driving rain wind pressure (DRWP) values in Table A.1 of CSA A440S1, “Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, NAFS – North American
Fenestration Standard/Specification for Windows, Doors, and Skylights,” shall be used. (See Appendix A.)The minimum level of performance required for windows, doors and skylights shall be
that of the Performance Class R.
1) Reserved.
Performance Requirements
1) For the purposes of compliance with the standard referenced in Clause 9.7.4.2.(1)(b), windows, doors and their components in a building of no more than 10 m in height, measured from grade, may conform to the design pressure, performance grade and water resistance values in Table C-4 of Appendix C instead of the values calculated in the Canadian Supplement.
1) 
Performance grades for windows, doors and skylights shall be selected according to the Canadian Supplement referenced in Clause 9.7.4.2.(1)(b) so as to be appropriate for the conditions and geographic location in which the window,
door or skylight will be installed.
2) 
Windows, doors and skylights shall conform to the performance grades selected in Sentence (1) when tested in accordance with the Harmonized Standard referenced in Clause 9.7.4.2.(1)(a).
1) For buildings described in Sentence 1.3.3.3.(1) of Division A, where design pressure, performance grade and water resistance values are calculated in accordance with the standard referenced
in Clause 9.7.4.2.(1)(b), the driving rain wind pressure (DRWP) values in Table A.1 of CSA A440S1, “Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, NAFS – North American
Fenestration Standard/Specification for Windows, Doors, and Skylights,” shall be used. (See Appendix A.)
1) 
The minimum level of performance required for windows, doors and skylights shall be that of the Performance Class R.
1) 
Exterior wood doors shall conform to CAN/CSA-O132.2 Series, “Wood Flush Doors,” and shall have legibly indicated on them
a) the name of the manufacturer,
b) the standard according to which they were produced, and
c) that they are of an exterior type.
9.7.5.
Resistance to Forced Entry

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9.7.5.Resistance to Forced EntrySite-built Windows, Doors and Skylights
9.7.5.1. Resistance to Forced Entry for Sliding Doors

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9.7.5.1. Resistance to Forced Entry for Sliding DoorsApplication and Compliance
1) This Article applies to sliding doors serving
dwelling units, other than exterior doors to garages and to other ancillary spaces.

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1) This Article applies to sliding doors serving dwelling units, other than exterior doors to garages and to other ancillary spaces.Materials, design, construction and installation of windows, doors and skylights that separate conditioned space from unconditioned space or the exterior but that are not covered in the scope of
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, “NAFS – North American Fenestration Standard/Specification
for Windows, Doors, and Skylights,” shall conform
a) to
i) the remainder of this Subsection or Subsection 9.7.4., and
ii) the applicable requirements in Subsection 9.7.6., or
b) to Part 5.
1) This Article applies to sliding doors serving dwelling units, other than exterior doors to garages and to other ancillary spaces.
Materials, design, construction and installation of windows, doors and skylights that separate conditioned space from unconditioned space or the exterior but that are not covered in the scope of
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, “NAFS – North American Fenestration Standard/Specification
for Windows, Doors, and Skylights,” shall conform
a) to
i) the remainder of this Subsection or Subsection 9.7.4., and
ii) the applicable requirements in Subsection 9.7.6., or
b) to Part 5.
2) Sliding doors shall not permit the removal of the sliding panel when in the locked
position.

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2) Sliding doors shall not permit the removal of the sliding panel when in the locked
position.
Glass for site-built windows, doors, sidelights for doors, and skylights shall comply with Section 9.6.
3) 
Exterior doors shall
a) have a pin type locking mechanism, with a minimum 9 mm throw into the frame, or an equivalent locking mechanism, operable from the interior without the use of keys,
special devices or specialized knowledge of the locking mechanism, or
b) conform to at least Grade 10 in ASTM F842, “Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Sliding
Door Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact.”
9.7.5.2. Resistance to Forced Entry for Swinging Doors

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9.7.5.2. Resistance to Forced Entry for Swinging Doors
1) 
Except

for exterior doors to garages and to other ancillary spaces, this Article

applies to
b) swinging doors between
dwelling units and attached garages or other ancillary spaces, and
(See Appendix A.) 2) 
Doors, frames and hardware that conform to AAMA 1304, “Voluntary Specification for Forced Entry Resistance of Side-Hinged Door Systems,” are not required to conform to
Sentences (3) to (7).

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2) 
Doors, frames and hardware that conform to
AAMA 1304, “Voluntary Specification for Forced Entry Resistance of Side-Hinged Door Systems,”asecurity level of at least Grade 10 as described in the Annex to ASTM F 476, “Security of Swinging Door Assemblies,”are not required to conform to Sentences (3) to (7).
(See Appendix A.)
3) Wood doors described in
Sentence (1) shall
a) be solid core or stile-and-rail type,
b) be not less than 45 mm thick, and
c) if of the stile-and-rail type, have a panel thickness of not less than
19 mm, with a total panel area not more than half of the door
area.

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3) 
Wood Except as permitted in Sentence (2), wood doors
as described in Sentence (1) shall
a) be solid core or stile-and-rail type,
b) be not less than 45 mm thick, and
c) if of the stile-and-rail type, have a panel thickness of not less than
19 mm, with a total panel area not more than half of the door
area.
4) Doors described in
Sentence (1) shall be provided with
a) a deadbolt lock with a cylinder having no fewer than 5 pins,
and
b) a bolt throw not less than 25 mm long, protected with a
solid or hardened free-turning ring or bevelled cylinder housing.
(See Article 9.9.6.7.)
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4) 
Doors Except as permitted in Sentence (2), doors described in Sentence (1) shall be provided with
a) a deadbolt lock with a cylinder having no fewer than 5 pins,
and
b) a bolt throw not less than 25 mm long, protected with a
solid or hardened free-turning ring or bevelled cylinder housing.
(See Article 9.9.6.7.)
5) An inactive leaf in double doors used in locations specified in
Sentence (1) shall be provided with heavy-duty bolts top and bottom having an engagement of not less than
15 mm.

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5) 
An Except as permitted in Sentence (2), an inactive leaf in double doors used in locations specified in Sentence (1) shall be provided with heavy-duty bolts top and bottom having an engagement of not less than
15 mm.
6) Hinges for doors described in
Sentence (1) shall be fastened
a) to wood doors with wood screws not less than 25 mm long and to
wood frames with wood screws so that at least 2 screws per hinge
penetrate not less than 30 mm into solid wood, or
b) to metal doors and metal frames with machine screws not smaller than No. 10
and not less than 10 mm long.
(See Appendix A.)

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6) 
Hinges Except as permitted in Sentence (2), hinges for doors described in Sentence (1) shall be fastened
a) to wood doors with wood screws not less than 25 mm long and to
wood frames with wood screws so that at least 2 screws per hinge
penetrate not less than 30 mm into solid wood, or
b) to metal doors and metal frames with machine screws not smaller than No. 10
and not less than 10 mm long.
(See Appendix A.)
7) 
Strikeplates for deadbolts described in
Sentence (4) shall be fastened
a) to wood frames with wood screws that penetrate not less than 30 mm into solid wood, or
b) to metal frames with machine screws not smaller than No. 8 and not less than 10 mm long.
(See A-9.7.5.2.(6) in Appendix A.) 8) 
Except for storm or screen doors, doors described in
Sentence (1) that swing outward shall be provided with hinges or pins so that the doors cannot be removed when they are in the closed position. (See
Appendix A.)
9) 
Solid blocking shall be provided on both sides at the lock height between the jambs for doors described in
Sentence (1) and the structural framing so that the jambs will resist spreading by force.
10) 
Except as permitted by
Sentence (11), a door frame reinforcement plate shall be installed between the jack stud and door
frame, and shall be:
a) constructed of minimum 18 gauge steel plate;
b) provided with an integral metal tongue that is:
i) at right angles to the plate located and designed so as to resist the inwards movement
of the door when the deadbolt is engaged, and
ii) inset into the door frame to a minimum 15.9 mm depth; and
c) screwed into the door frame or adjacent jack stud with wood screws that are:
i) not smaller than No. 10,
ii) penetrate at least 50 mm into wood studs,
iii) have at least two points of attachment on each side of the deadbolt, and
iv) are located at least 38 mm away from the deadbolt throw.
(See Appendix A.)
11) Strikeplates required by
Clause 9.7.5.2.(7)(a) and installed in a wood door frame without the reinforcement plate of Sentence (10), shall be:
a) constructed from minimum 18 gauge steel plate;
b) provided with an integral door reinforcement by means of a minimum 13 mm long metal tongue inset into the frame at right angles to the strike plate and arranged
so as to resist forced entry when the deadbolt is engaged; and
c) attached to the door frame by means of wood screws penetrating at least 30 mm into the wood at least two points of attachment on each side of the deadbolt, at
least 38 mm away from the deadbolt throw.
(See Appendix A.)
9.7.5.3.
Resistance to Forced Entry for Windows
9.7.5.4.
Resistance to Forced Entry for Skylights
1) All openable skylights shall be designed to prevent opening from the outside when
in the closed and locked position.
2) All exterior skylight fasteners shall be tamperproof.

9.7.6.
Installation
9.7.6.1.
Installation of Windows, Doors and Skylights
1) Except as provided by
Sentence (2), the installation of manufactured and pre-assembled windows, doors and skylights and the field assembly of manufactured window and door combination units shall conform
to the instructions, if any, provided by the manufacturer.
2) 
In case of conflict between the provisions of this Code and instructions referred to in
Sentence (1), the provisions of this Code shall govern.


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Installation of Windows, Doors and Skylights
1) Reserved.
1) Except as provided by Sentence (2), the The installation of manufactured and pre-assembled windows, doors and skylights and the
field assembly of manufactured window and door combination units shall conform to
the instructions, if any, provided by the manufacturermanufacturer's instructions.
2) In case of conflict between the provisions of this Code and instructions referred
to in Sentence (1), the provisions of this Code shall govern.Windows, doors and skylights shall be sealed to air barriers.
Installation of Windows, Doors and Skylights
1) 
The installation of windows, doors and skylights shall conform to CAN/CSA-A440.4, “Window, Door, and Skylight Installation,” except that
a) shims used to support windows, doors and skylights are permitted to be made of treated
plywood, and
b) protection from precipitation for walls incorporating windows or doors and for roofs
incorporating skylights, and the interfaces of these walls with windows or doors and
of roofs with skylights, shall conform Section 9.27.
1) 
Except as provided by Sentence (2), the The installation of manufactured and pre-assembled windows, doors and skylights and the field assembly of manufactured window and door combination units shall conform to
the
instructions, if any, provided by the manufacturermanufacturer's instructions.
1) In case of conflict between the provisions of this Code and instructions referred
to in Sentence (1), the provisions of this Code shall govern.
1) 
Windows, doors and skylights shall be sealed to air barriers and vapour barriers.
9.7.6.2.
Sealants, Trim and Flashing
1) 
The sealing compound used to seal the glass component of

an insulating glazing unit

to the sash component shall be compatible with the sealing compound used to edge seal the glass
component.
3) 

Sealants shall be applied

between window frames or trim and the exterior cladding or masonry in conformance
with
Subsection 9.27.4.